CURE SYPHILIS INFECTIONS

Gummatous syphilis or late benign syphilis usually occurs 1 to 46 years after the initial infection, with an average of 15 years. This stage is characterized by the formation of chronic gummas, which are soft, tumor-like balls of inflammation which may vary considerably in size. They typically affect the skin, bone, and liver, but can occur anywhere.

Cardiovascular syphilis usually occurs 10–30 years after the initial infection. The most common complication is syphilitic aortitis, which may result in aortic aneurysm formation.

Neurosyphilis refers to an infection involving the central nervous system. Involvement of the central nervous system in syphilis either asymptomatic or symptomatic, can occur at any stage of the infection. It may occur early, being either asymptomatic or in the form of syphilitic meningitis, or late as meningovascular syphilis, general paresis, or tabes dorsalis.

Meningovascular syphilis involves inflammation of the small and medium arteries of the central nervous system. It can present between 1–10 years after the initial infection. Meningovascular syphilis is characterized by stroke, cranial nerve palsis and spinal cord inflammation. Late symptomatic neurosyphilis can develop decades after the original infection and includes 2 types; general paresis and tabes dorsalis. General paresis presents with dementia, personality changes, delusions, seizures, psychosis and depression. Tabes dorsalis is characterized by gait instability, sharp pains in the trunk and limbs, impaired positional sensation of the limbs as well as having a positive Romberg's sign.Both tabes dorsalis and general paresis may present with Argyll Robertson pupil which are pupils that constrict when the person focuses on near objects accommodation reflex but do not constrict when exposed to bright light pupillary reflex

Congenital

Main article: Congenital syphilis

Congenital syphilis is that which is transmitted during pregnancy or during birth.Two-thirds of syphilitic infants are born without symptoms.Common symptoms that develop over the first couple of years of life include enlargement of the liver and spleen 70%, rash 70%, fever 40%, neurosyphilis 20%, and lung inflammation 20% . If untreated, late congenital syphilis may occur in 40%, including saddle nose deformation, Higouménakis' sign, saber shin, or Clutton's joints among others. Infection during pregnancy is also associated with miscarriage. The three main dental defects in congenital syphilis are Hutchinson's incisors screwdriver shaped incisors, Moon's molars or bud molars, and Fournier's molars or mulberry molars molars with abnormal occlusal anatomy resembling a mulberry .30 and nodules over much of the body due to secondary syphilis

Secondary syphilis occurs approximately four to ten weeks after the primary infection. While secondary disease is known for the many different ways it can manifest, symptoms most commonly involve the skin, mucous membranes, and lymph nodes. There may be a symmetrical, reddish-pink, non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, including the palms and soles. The rash may become maculopapular or pustular. It may form flat, broad, whitish, wart-like lesions on mucous membranes, known as condyloma latum.All of these lesions harbor bacteria and are infectious. Other symptoms may include fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, hair loss, and headache. Rare manifestations include liver inflammation, kidney disease, joint inflammation, periostitis, inflammation of the optic nerve, uveitis, and interstitial keratitis.The acute symptoms usually resolve after three to six weeks; about 25% of people may present with a recurrence of secondary symptoms. Many people who present with secondary syphilis 40–85% of women, 20–65% of men, do not report previously having had the classical chancre of primary syphilis.

Latent

Latent syphilis is defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease.It develops after secondary syphilis and is divided into early latent and late latent stages. Early latent syphilis is defined by the World Health Organization as less than 2 years after original infection. Early latent syphilis is infectious as up to 25% of people can develop a recurrent secondary infection (during which spirochetes are actively replicating and are infectious). Two years after the original infection the person will enter late latent syphilis and is not as infectious as the early phase. The latent phase of syphilis can last many years after which, without treatment, approximately 15-40% of people can develop tertiary syphilis. chancre of syphilis at the site of infection on the penis

Primary syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Approximately 2–6 weeks after contact with a range of 10–90 days a skin lesion, called a chancre, appears at the site and this contains infectious spirochetes. This is classically 40% of the time a single, firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration with a clean base and sharp borders approximately 0.3–3.0 cm in size. The lesion may take on almost any form.ln the classic form, it evolves from a macule to a papule and finally to an erosion or ulcer. Occasionally, multiple lesions may be present 40%, with multiple lesions being more common when coinfected with HIV. Lesions may be painful or tender 30%, and they may occur in places other than the genitals 2–7%. The most common location in women is the cervix 44%, the penis in heterosexual men 99%,and anally and rectally in men who have sex with men 34% . Lymph node enlargement frequently 80% occurs around the area of infection, occurring seven to 10 days after chancre formation. The lesion may persist for three to six weeks if left untreatedSyphilis is most commonly spread through sexual activity. It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis. Other diseases caused by the Treponema bacteria include yaws subspecies pertenue), pinta subspecies carateum, and nonvenereal endemic syphilis subspecies endemicum. These three diseases are not typically sexually transmitted. Diagnosis is usually made by using blood tests; the bacteria can also be detected using dark field microscopy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. recommend all pregnant women be tested.

The risk of sexual transmission of syphilis can be reduced by using a latex or polyurethane condom. Syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics. The preferred antibiotic for most cases is benzathine benzylpenicillin injected into a muscle. In those who have a severe penicillin allergy, doxycycline or tetracycline may be used.In those with neurosyphilis, intravenous benzylpenicillin or ceftriaxone is recommended.During treatment people may develop fever, headache, and muscle pains, a reaction known as JarischHerxheimer.

In 2015, about 45.4 million people were infected with syphilis, with six million new cases. During 2015, it caused about 107,000 deaths, down from 202,000 in 1990. After decreasing dramatically with the availability of penicillin in the 1940s, rates of infection have increased since the turn of the millennium in many countries, often in combination with human immunodeficiency virus .HIV. This is believed to be partly due to increased promiscuity, prostitution, decreasing use of condoms, and unsafe sexual practices among men who have sex with men.

Signs and symptoms

Syphilis can present in one of four different stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary, and may also occur congenitally. It was referred to as "the great imitator" by analysis doctors.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usually between 1 cm and 2 cm in diameter though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina, in latent syphilis, which can last for years, there are few or no symptoms. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas soft, non-cancerous growths, neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as "the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases. For more information and enquiry regarding this post please contact US On our social media. Thanks,🌴☘️🌵🌳🐢🗣️🇳🇬.School of nursing bida